Lower alkyl n-(tertiary-amino-lower-alkyl) lower alkamates and quaternary ammonium salts thereof



United States Patent 16 Claims. (Cl. 260-2943) This invention relates to quaternary ammonium compounds and more particularly is concerned with an improvement in quaternary ammonium salts of bis-amides of alkanedioic acids.

Bis-quaternary ammonium salts of symmetrical bis-tertiary-amino-alkyl amides of alkanedioic acids are known. However, neither the mono-quaternary ammonium salts of a symmetrical bis-amide nor the mono-quaternary ammonium salts of the unsymmetrical bis-amides are known. The known methods for preparing bis-quaternary ammonium salts of the symmetrical bis-amides above are not practical for the preparation of quaternaries other than bis-quaternaries, even though the amount of quaternizing agent, et cetera, be carried in an attempt to produce them, and the necessary unsymmetrical bis-amide intermediates have not been suggested by the art.

Accordingly, it is among the objects of the present invention to provide a procedure whereby the mono-quaternary ammonium salts of both the symmetrical and unsymmetrical bis-amides of the type above-named can be prepared.

A further object of the invention is to provide a novel group of mono-quaternary ammonium compounds, pos sessing unexpectedly superior effectiveness for certain physiological uses as hereinafter described.

The general method for the preparation of the monoquaternary ammonium salts of the above-named bis- .amides includes reacting a quaternary ammonium salt of an N-(tertiary-amino-lower-alkyl)amide of a carbo-loweralkoxy substituted lower alkanoic acid with an N -(tertiaryamino-lower-alkyl) primary amine. The required N-(tertiary-amino-lower-alkyl) amide intermediates are prepared by reacting an N-(teritary-amino-lower-alkyl) primary alkylamine with a di-lower-alkyl alkane dicarboxylate, followed by quaternization with an ester of a strong inorganic acid or organic sulfonic acid.

A particular aspect of the invention relates to monoquaternary ammonium salts of compounds having the Formula I,

wherein R is a member of the group consisting of saturated hydrocarbon radicals having from one to about ten carbon atoms, or such radicals substituted by a tertiary-amino group, n is a number from 0 to about 6, A is a loweralkylene radical, and B=N is a member of the group consisting of di-lower-alkylamino, l-piperidyl, l-pyrrolidyl and 4-morpholinyl radicals, and in which the quaternization involves the nitrogen atom of B=N.

The group R in the above general Formula I is a saturated hydrocarbon having from one to about ten carbon atoms, and thus can be methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, pentyl, heptyl, hexyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl and cycloalkyl or substituted cycloalkyl derivatives such as cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, Z-methylcyclopentyl, 3-methylcyclohexyl, 4-ethylcyclohexyl, cycloheptyl and the like or such saturated hydrocarbon radicals substituted by an aliphatic tertiary-amino group. Preferred compounds are those wherein the group R is lower-alkyl, di-lower-alkyh amino-lower-alkyl, (l-piperidyl)-lower-alkyl, (l-pyrrolidyl)-lower-alkyl, (4-morpholinyl)-lower-alkyl or 3-tropyl. The term lower-alkyl includes alkyl radicals containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, and in the di-loweralkylarnino radicals the lower-alkyl groups can be the same or difierent. Thus the lower-alkylamino radicals can be dimethylamino, ethylmethylamino, diethylamino, dipropylamino, di-isopropylamino, dibutylamino, di-isobutylamino, dipentylamino, di-isopentylamino and dihexylamino.

The grouping C H where n is a number from 1 to about 6, represents a loWer-alkylene bridge between the carbonyl groups. When n=0 there are no carbon atoms intervening between the carbonyl groups which in this case are joined directly. The compounds wherein n=0 are of particular value since it has been discovered that such compounds possess a high anticholinesterase activity. The n of the C H grouping varies from O to about 6 and includes derivatives of oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid and branched chain isomers thereof.

The divalent radical A represents a loWer-alkylene radical in which the free valences are on different carbon atoms. In other words the amide nitrogen and the tertiary-amino nitrogen are attached to difierent carbon atoms of A. The radical A must perforce contain at least two carbon atoms, and can contain as many as about five carbon atoms. The lower-alkylene radicals are straight or branched and include such radicals as ethylene, CH CH 1,3-propylene, -CH CH CH 1,2-propylene, -CH(CH )CH 1,4-butylene,

1,5-pentylene, CH CH CH CH CH 1,2-dimethylethylene, CH(CH )CH(CH and the like.

The tertiary-amino groups of the compounds of the invention are basic aliphatic type tertiary-amino groups in which the nitrogen is attached to saturated aliphatic groups such as lower alkyl and cycloalkyl. Such basic aliphatic tertiary-amino groups also include saturated heterocyclic groups such as piperidyl, pyrrolidyl, morpholinyl and the like as distinguished from heterocyclic groups containing conjugate unsaturation such as pyridine, pyrrole and the like.

In a preferred class of the invention the tertiary-amino radical B=N of Formula I includes di-lower-alkylamino and saturated heterocyclic groups, such as l-piperidyl, lpyrrolidyl, 4-morpholinyl, and lower-alkylated derivatives thereof. The term lower-alkyl has the meaning given above.

The compounds of the invention are quaternized on the nitrogen atom of B N by the addition of an ester of a strong inorganic acid or an organic sulionic acid. A preferred group of quaternizing agents are those having the formula R'X wherein R is a member of the class consisting of lower-alkyl, lower-alkenyl and monocarbocyclic aryl-lower-alkyl and X is an anion. The group R, when lower-alkyl or lower-alkenyl can be straight or branched and can contain from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms, thus including such radicals as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, allyl, butyl, isobutyl, butenyl, pentenyl, isopentenyl and the like. The term monocarbocyclic aryl-loWer-alkyl includes members of the benzene series, containing from 7 to about 12 carbon atoms, and can be an unsubstituted phenyl group or a phenyl group substituted by one or more substituents inert to the reaction conditions and reagents used in the process for preparing the compounds. Such inert substituents include lower-alkyl, lower-alkoxy, halogen, nitro and. trifluoromethyl groups. A preferred class of monocarbocyclic aryl-lower-alkyl groups consists of phenyl-lower-alkyl 'mide,

3 groups and phenyl-lower-alkyl groups in which the benzene ring is substituted with from 1 to 3 lower-alkyl, nitro, halogen or lower-alkoxy groups. Furthermore,

said substituents can be in any of the available positions of the phenyl nucleus, and where more than one, can

be the same or different and can be in any of the various position combinations relative to each other. The loweralkyl portion of the monocarbocyclic aryl-lower-alkyl radical includes methylene, -CH ethylene, -CI-I CH 1,3 propylene, -CH CH CH 1,2 propylene, -CH(CH )CH and the like. When the benzene ring of the phenyl-lo-wer-alkyl groups is substituted with halogen atoms, these atoms can be any of the four halogens, fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine. The lower-alkyl and lower-alkoxy groups preferably have from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms and thus can be methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, etc. The term loWer-alkoxy is also intended to include the methylenedioxy group, OCH O-.

The nature of the anion X, provided it is relatively nontoxic, is immaterial since the physiological activity resides in the cationic part of the molecule. Preferred compounds are those in which X is halogen selected from the group chlorine, bromine or iodine since these are derived from readily available starting materials.

Specific examples of the group RX include methyl chloride, methyl bromide, methyl iodide, ethyl bromide, propyl chloride, allyl chloride, allyl bromide, tertiarybutyl chloride, benzyl chloride, 2-nitrobenzyl chloride, 3-nitrobenzyl bromide, 3,5-dinitrobenzyl chloride, 4- chlorobenzyl bromide, 2-bromobenzyl chloride, 2-chlorobenzyl chloride, 2-iodobenzyl chloride, 3,4-dichlorobenzyl chloride, Z-methoxybenzyl chloride, 4-methoxybenzyl bromide, 2,5-dimethoxybenzyl bromide, 3-ethoxybenzyl chloride, 4-ethoxybenzyl bromide, 4-propoxybenzyl bromide, 2-butoxybenzyl chloride, 3-nitro-4-methoxybenzyl chloride, 2-nitrophenethyl chloride, 3-nitrophenethyl bro- 4-chlorophenethyl chloride, 3-bromophenethyl chloride, 2-methoxyphenethyl bromide, 2,5-dimethoxyphenethyl bromide, phenylpropyl chloride, 2-chlorophenylisopropyl bromide and 3,4-dimethoxyphenylpropyl bromide.

The quaternary ammonium salts of Formula I, when R is di-lower-alkylamino-loWer-alkyl, (l-piperidyl)-loweralkyl, (l-pyrrolidyl)-loWer-alkyl and (4-morpholinyl)- lower-alkyl, have a tertiary-amino group and hence can be used in the form of crystalline, water-soluble acidaddition salts, the anions of which are non-toxic to the animal organisms in therapeutic doses of the salts, and these salts are also within the purview of the invention. Appropriate acid-addition salts are those derived from mineral acids such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydriodic acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and sulfuric acid, and organic acids such as acetic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid and the like, giving the hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydriodide, nitrate, phosphate or acid phosphate, sulfate or bisulfate, acetate, citrate, tartrate or bitartrate, and lactate salts, respegtively.

The quaternary ammonium salts of an N-(tertiaryamino-lower-alkyl)-N-saturated hydrocarbon substituted or an N-(tertiary-amino-lower-alkyl)-N'-(tertiary-aminosaturated hydrocarbyl) alkanedioic acid bis-amide are prepared be reacting a quaternary ammonium salt of an N-(tertiary-amino-lower-alkyl)-amide of a carbo-loweralkoxy substituted lower alltanoic acid with an alkyl primary amine or an N-(tertiary-amino-lower-alkyl) primary amine, respectively. Compounds of formula I are prepared from the quaternary ammonium salts of com pounds having the general Formula II wherein R is a lower-alkyl group containing from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms which can be in a straight or a branched chain, and n, A and B N have the meanings given above, by reacting with a compound RNH wherein R has the meaning given above. Preferred conditions for the reaction involve heating the reactants at a temperature between about 50 C. and 150 C. optionally in an anhydrous solvent inert under the conditions of the reaction.

The quaternary ammonium salts of compounds of Formula II we prepared by reacting a free base of Formula II with a compound R'X wherein R and X have the meanings given above. The reaction is preferably carried out at a temperature between about 50 C. to C. and in the presence of an anhydrous solvent, for example, acetonitrile, which is inert under the conditions of the reaction. A preferred class of quaternary ammonium salts of compounds of Formula II are quaternary ammonium salts of compounds having the Formula III wherein R", A and B=N have the meanings given above, and are prepared by reacting a free base of Formula 111 with a compound RX wherein R and X have the meanings given above, preferably at a temperature of between about 50 C. and 100 C. in the presence of a solvent inert under the conditions of the reaction.

The N-(tertiary-amino-lower-alkyl)amides of a carbo loWer-alkoxy substituted lower alkanoic acid of Formula II are prepared by reacting an N-(tertiary-amino-loweralkyl) primary alkylamine with a di-lower-alkyl alleanedicarboxylate. The preferred class of compounds having Formula III are prepared by reacting about one molar equivalent of an amine, having the formula where B:N and A have the meanings given above, with about two molar equivalents of a di-lower alkyl oxalate in a solvent, such as ethanol, which is inert under the conditions of the reaction. The components react when mixed at room temperature.

Pharmacological evaluation of the compounds of Formulas I and II and their quaternary ammonium salts has established that these substances possess curare antagonizing properties which indicates their usefulness in anesthesiology for counteracting the effects of d-tubocurarine and in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. The compounds have also been found to possess anticholinesterase activity similar to that of neostigmine. Compounds of Formula II are also useful for the preparation of compounds of Formula I.

The quaternary ammonium salts of the bis-amides of alkanedioic acids (Formula I) described hereinabove are claimed in my eopending parent application Serial No. 544,601, filed November 2, 1955, now Patent No. 2,857,390.

The following examples will further illustrate the invention without limiting the invention thereto.

EXAMPLE 1 (a) Ethyl N-(Z-Dimethylaminoethyl)oxamate [III, R" is C H A is CH CH B=N is (CH N] A mixture of 153 g. of diethyl oxalate and 300 ml. of absolute alcohol was placed in a 1 liter three-necked flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer, reflux condenser and dropping funnel. Dimethylaminoethylamine (44 g.) was added over a period of one-half an hour, during which time the mixture became Warm. Stirring was continued for two hours then the mixture was left standing overnight at room temperature. The alcohol solution was concentrated and the residue distilled giving 60 g. of ethyl N-(Z-dimethylaminoethyl)oxamate, B.P. 126-130 C. (1.0 mm.)

(b) Ethyl N-[2-(Z-ChlorobenzyIdimethylammonio) Ethyl] Oxamate Chloride A mixture of 36 g. or" ethyl N(2-dimethylaminoethyl) oxamate and 39 g. of 2-chlorobenzyl chloride in 100 ml. of dry acetonitrile was refluxed for 18 hours. The solution was concentrated and ether was added to precipitate a white solid which was filtered then purified by recrystallization from alcoholether, giving, after drying in a vacuum desiccator over P 60 g. of ethyl N-[Z-(Z-chlorobenzyldimethylammonio)ethyl]oxamate chloride, M.P. 145.5 C.

Analysis.Calcd. for C H Cl N O N, 8.02; Cl 10.15. Found: N, 8.05; Cl 9.99.

(c)N [2- (Chlorobenzyldimethylammonio)Ethyl] N"- Z-Diethylaminoethyl) Oxamicle Chloride [L R is ll is 0, A is -CH2CH2-,

salt] A mixture of 17.5 g. of ethyl N-[2-(2-chlorobenzyldimethylammonio)ethyl]oxamate chloride and 100* ml. of absolute alcohol was treated with 11.6 g. of fi-diethylaminoethylamine and the mixture refluxed for 18 hours. The alcohol solution was concentrated and the residue diluted with ether whereupon a gum separated. The gum was dissolved in ethanol, caused to oil out again by the addition of ether, and finally triturated with ether, giving a crystalline material which was filtered and dried over phosphorus pentoxide in a vacuum desiccator at 0.5 111111., giving 13 g. of N-[2-(2-chlorobenzydimethylammonio) ethyl] -N- 2-diethylaminoethyl) oX-amide chloride, M.P. 92-94 C.

EXAMPLE 2 (a) Ethyl N-(Z-Diethylaminoethyl)Oxamate Diethyl oxalate (306 g.) was placed in a 1 liter threeneck flask fitted with a mechanical stirrer, condenser and dropping funnel. To this was added with stirring 116 g. of 18-diethylaminoethylamine over a period of one-half an hour. Stirring of the warm solution was continued for two hours then the mixture was left standing overnight. Distillation through a 6 Vigreux column gave 175 g. of ethyl N-(2-diethylaminoethyl)oxamate, B.P. 112122 C./1 mm, 11 1.4595.

Analysis.Calcd. for c H N O N 12.95; N

Found Nt t N The anticholinesterase activity of ethyl N-(Z-diethylaminoethyDoxamate, as measured by the electrometric method for the determination of red blood cell and plasma cholinesterase activity [Michel, J. Lab. Clin. Med, 34, 1564 (1949)], was found to be 6.4% that of neostigmine.

(b) Ethyl N-[2-(Z-Chlorobenzyldiethylammonio) Ethyl] Oxamate Chloride A mixture of 21.6 g of ethyl N-(Z-diethylaminoethyD- oxamate, g. of 2-chlorobenzyl chloride and ml. of dry acetonitrile was refluxed for twenty hours. The solution was cooled, reduced to about one-third the original volume by boiling oft acetonitrile then diluted with ether whereupon a white crystalline material separated. The solid was collected by filtration then dissolved in ethanol, reprecipitated with ether, filtered and dried over phosphorus pentoxide in a vacuum desiccator at 0.5 mm. to give 26 g. of ethyl N-[2-(2-chlorobenzy1- diethylammonio)ethyl]oxamate chloride, M.P. 885 C.

AllQl}Sl5'.-Calcd. for CflHgqClgNgOgl N, Cl 9.37. Found: N, 7.35; Cl 9.00.

ti (0) N-[2-(Z-Chlorobenzyldiethylammonio)ethyl]- N'-(2-Diethylamin0ethyl) Oxamide Chloride A solution of 50 g. of ethyl 1 -[2-(2-chlorobenzy1diethylammonio)ethyl]oxamate chloride and 31 g. of fadiethylaminoethylamine in 200 ml. of ethanol was refluxed for 17 hours. Most of the solvent was evaporated and the residue poured into ether to precipitate white crystals which were collected by filtration and purified by reprecipitation with alcohol-ether. After filtration and drying in a vacuum oven at 65 C./1 mm. there was obtained 41 g. of N-[2-(Z-chlorobenzyldiethylammonio)- ethyl]-N'-(Z-diethylaminoethyl)oxamide chloride, M.P. 134 C.

Analysis.-Calcd. for C I-I Cl N O N, 12.52; Cl 7.92. Found: N, 1.43; Cl 8.15.

N [2 (2 chlorobenzyldiethylammonio)ethyl] N'- (Z-diethylaminoethyl)oxamide chloride was found to be an effective antagonist of d-tubocurarine paralysis in the cat and dog. A dose of 40 micrograms per/kilogram of the compound caused antagonism of the muscle relaxing action of d-tubocurarine on the cat sciatic nervegastrocnemius muscle. In a similar way, 50 micrograms per kilogram caused 68% antagonism on the dog sciatic nerve-gastrocnemius muscle. Premedication of mice with this compound in a dose of 10 micrograms per kilogram afforded protection to 38% of the mice against a paralyzing dose of 0.44 microgram per kilogram of d-tubocurarine. The N-[2-(Z-chlorobenzyldiethylammonia)- ethyl]-N'-(2-diethylaminoethyl)oxarnide chloride was found to have an anticholinesterase activity of 26% of that of neostigmine as measured by the method of Michel (loc. cit.).

(cl) N chlorohenzyldietlzylammonio)ethyl] -N' (2- diethylaminoethyl)oxamide chloride bisulfate [part (0) above; H 50 salt] was prepared by dissolving 400 g. of N [2 (2 chlorobenzyldiethylammonio)ethyl] N'- (2-diethylaminoethyl)oxarnide chloride (part (c) of example) in 500 ml. ethanol, followed by addition, with cooling, of 48 ml. of concentrated sulfuric acid in 400 ml. of ethanol. The N-[2-(Z-chlorobenzyldiethylamrno nio)ethyl]-N'-(Z-diethylaminoethyl)oxamide chloride bisulfite that precipitated was filtered, washed with isopropanel and dried at 70 C., giving 305 g., M.P. 179l82 C.

Analysis.Calcd. for C21H35C12N402-H2SO41 Cl 6.50; 80 17.62. Found: Cl 6.62; SO 17.40.

ionic EXAMPLE 3 (a) Ethyl N-[Z-(l-piperidyl)ethyl]0xamate [111, R", is C H A is -CH CH B=N is l-piperidyl] was prepared from 61.3 g. of diethyl oxalate and 25.6 g. of fi-piperidylethylamine in ml. of ethanol according to the method described in Example 1, part (a) for the preparation of ethyl N-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)oxamate. The 27 g. of ethyl N-[2-(1-piperidyl)ethyl]oxamate thus obtained had the B.P. 168169 C. (1.5 mm).

(b) Ethyl N-[Z (2 chlorobelzzylpehtamezhy{encamm0ni0)ethyl]0xamate chloride [11, R is C H n is 0, A is CH CH B=N is 1-piperidyl; 2-ClC H CI-I Cl salt] was prepared from 35 g. of ethyl N-[2-(1-piperidyl)ethyl]oxamate and 35 g. of 2-chlorobenzyl chloride in 200 ml. of acetonitrile according to the method described in Example 1, part (b) for the preparation of ethyl N- [2-(2 chlorobenzyldimethylammonio)ethyloxamate chloride. After three reprecipitations from alcohol-ether there was obtained 27 g. of ethyl N-[2-(2- chlorobenzylpentarnethyleneainmonio)ethyl]o x a m a t e chloride, M.P. C.

A nalysis.-Calcd. for C H Cl N O N, 7.22; Cl 9.10. Found: N, 7.07; Cl 8.99.

(c) N [2 (2 chlorobenzylpentamethyleneammoni)ethyl] N (2 diethylaminoethyloxamide chloride [1, R is CH CH N(C H n is 0, A is -CH CH B N is l-piperidyl; 2-ClC H CH Cl salt] was prepared from 19.5 g. of ethyl N-[2-(2 ehlorobenzy1- pentamethyleneammonio)ethyl]oxamate chloride and 11.6 g. of B-diethylaminoethylainine in 100 ml. alcohol according to the method described in Example 1, part (c) for the preparation of N-[2-(2-chlorobenzyldimethylammonio ethyl] -N- (2-diethylaminoethyl) oxamide chloride. There Was thus obtained 12.7 g. or" N-[Z-(Z-chlorobenzylpentamethyleneammonio)ethyl] N (2 diethylaminoethyl)oxarnide chloride, MP. 110.5 C.

Analysis.Calcd. for C H Cl N O Cl 7.82; N, 12.19. Found: Cl 7.91;N, 12.27.

EXAMPLE 4 (a) Ethyl N-[3-(diethylamin0)propyl]oxan'zate [111, R" is C2H5, A is CH CH CH lS (CQH5)2N] was prepared from 153 g. of diethyl oxalate and 65 g. of 3-dietl1ylaminopropylamine in 500 ml. of ethanol according to the method described in Example 1, part (a) for the preparation of N-[2-(2chlorobenzyldimethylammonio)ethyl]oxamate. There was thus obtained 92.3 g. of ethyl N-[3-(diethylamino)propyl]oxamate, B.P. 110111 C./0.25 mm.; n 1.4622.

Analysis.-Calcd.'for C H N O C, 57.36; H, 9.63; N, 12.17. Found: C, 56.94; H, 9.66; N, 12.40.

(b) Ethyl N [3 (2 chlorobenzyldiethy[ammonia)- pr0pyl]0xamate chloride [11, R" is C H n is 0', A is salt] was prepared from 23 g. of ethyl N-[3-(diethylamino)propyl]oxamate and 17 g. of Z-chlorobenzyl chride in 100 ml. of acetonitrile according to the method described in Example 1, part (b) for the preparation of ethyl N-[Z (2 chlorobenzyldiethylammonio) ethyl]oxamate chloride. There Was thus obtained 23.1 g. of ethyl N-[3-(2 chlorobenzyldiethylammonio)propyl]oxamate chloride, M.P. 127 C.

Analysis.Calcd. for CwHggClgNzOgi Ch k N, 7.16. Found: Cl 8.86; N, 7.23.

(c) N- [3 (2 chlorobenzyldiethylammonio)propyl]- N [3 (1 -piperidyl)pr0pyl] oxamide chloride [1, R is -CH CH CH (1-piperidyl), n is 0, A is B=N is (C H N; 2-ClC H Cl-l Cl salt] was prepared from g. of ethyl N-[3-(2-chlorobenzyldiethylammonio)- propyl] oxamate chloride and 10.8 g. of 1-( 3-aminopropyl) piperidine in 75 ml. of ethanol according to the method described in Example 1, part (c) for the preparation of N-[2-(2-chlorobenzyldimethylamrnonio)ethyl] N (2- diethylaminoethyl)oxamide chloride. The 14.5 g. of N- [3-(2-chlorobenzyldiethylammonio)propyl] N [3-(1- piperidyDpropyl] oxamide chloride thus obtained had the M.P. l41.5 C.

Analysis.-Calcd. for C24H4QCI2N4O2I 011 m, N, 11.49. Found: Cl 7.62; N, 11.32.

EXAMPLE 5 .(a) Ethyl N-(n-propyDoxamate was prepared from 306 g. of diethyl oxalate and 50 g. of n-propylamine in 300 ml. of ethanol according to the method described in Example 1, part (a) for the preparation of ethyl N-(2- dimethylaminoethyl)oxamate. The 123 g. of ethyl N-(npropyl)oxa mate thus obtained had the B.P. 106-107 C./ 1.6 mm.

Analysis.-Calcd. for C H NO C, 52.81; H, 8.23; N, 8.80. Found: C, 52.87; H, 8.68; N, 8.85.

(b) N (2 diethylaminoethyl)-N-(n-propyDoxamide was prepared from 79.5 g. of ethyl N-(n'propyDoxamate and 116 g. of fi-diethylaminoethylamiue in 250 ml. of ethanol according to the method described in Example 1, part (c) for the preparation of N-[2-(2-chlorobenzyklimethylammonio) ethyl] -N- (Z-diethylaminoethyl) oxamide chloride. There was thus obtained 112 g. of N-(Z-diethylaminoethyl)-N-(n-propyl)oxamide, MP. 64-67 C.

Analysis.-Calcd. for C H N O C, 57.61; H, 10.10; N, 18.32. Found: C, 57.85; H, 10.37; N, 17.96.

sa t] was prepared from 30 g. of N-(2-diethylaminoethyl)- N'-(n-propyl)oxamide and 25 g. of 2-chlorobenzyl chloride in ml. of acetonitrile according to the method used in Example 1, part (b) for the preparation of ethyl N-[2 (2 chlorobenzyldimethylammonio)ethyl]oxamate chloride. The 20 g. of N-[2-(2-chlorobenzyldiethylarnmonio)ethy l]-N-(n-propyl)oxamide chloride thus obtained had the MP. 96 C.

Analyris.Calcd. for C H CI N O N, 10.77; Cl 9.08. Found: N, 10.75; Cl 8 98 The anticholinesterase activity of N-[2-(2-chlorobenzyldiethylammonio ethyl] -N- (npropyl) oxamide chloride as measured by the method of Michel (loc. cit.) was found to be 6.6% that of neostigmine.

EXAMPLE 6 N- [2-(Z-Chlorobenzyldiethy[ammonia)Ethyl] N-(2- Dimethylaminoethyl) Oxamide Chloride A solution of 35 g. of ethyl N-[2-(2-chlorobenzyldiethylammonio)ethyl]oxamate chloride [prepared as described in Example 2, part (b)] and 15 g. of ,B-dimethylaminoethylamine in 100 ml. of ethanol was refluxed for fifteen hours. The solvent was removed and the residue poured into ether to precipitate a gummy solid which was induced to crystallize by trituration with ether. The very hygroscopic crystals were collected by filtration and dried in a vacuum desiccator at 0.5 mm. over phosphorus pentoxide giving 25 g. of N-[2-(2-chlorobenzyldiethylammonio) ethyl] -N'- (Z-dimethylaminoethyl) oxamide chlo ride, MP. 78-80 C.

EXAMPLE 7 N-[2-(Z-chlorobenzyldiethylammonio)ethyl]-N'-[2-(1- piperidyl)ethyl]oxamide chloride [1, R is -CH CH (lpiperidyl), n is 0, A is CH CH B N is (C H N; 2-ClC H CH Cl salt] was prepared from 22.5 g. of ethyl N-[Z (2-chlorobenzy1diethylammonio) ethyl]oxamate chloride [prepared as described in Example 2, part (b)] and 15.4 g. of 2-(1-piperidyl)ethylamine in 100 ml. of ethanol according to the method described in Example 2, 'part (c), for the preparation of N-[2-(2-chlorobenzyldiethylammonio)ethyl] N -(2-diethylaminoethyDoxamide chloride. After three recrystallizations from alcoholether there was obtained 16.2 g. of N-[2-(2-chlorobenzyldiethylammonio)ethyl] N [2-(1 piperidyl)ethyl]oxamide chloride, M.P. 158.5 C.

Analysis.Calcd. for C22II37C12N4O2: N, 12.16; Cl, 15.40. Found: N, 112.11; Cl, 15.52.

The anticholinesterase activity of N-[2-(2-chlorobenzyldiethylammonio) ethyl] -N'- [2-( l-piperidyl ethyl] oxamide chloride as measured by the method of Michel (loc. cit.) was found to be 5.8% that of neostigmine.

EXAMPLE 8 N-[Z-(2-chl0r0benzyldiethylammonio)ethyl] N (3- dlerhylaminopropyl)oxamide chloride [1, R is salt] was prepared from 20 g. of ethyl N-[2-(2-chlorobenzyldiethylammonio) ethyl]oxamate chloride [prepared as described in Example 2, part (b)] and 14 g. of

3-diethylaminopropylamine in 100 ml. of ethanol according to the method described in Example 2, part (c) for the preparation of N-[2-(2-chlorobenzyldiethylammonio) ethyl]-N-(2-diethyla.minoethyl)oxamide chloride. The 14 g. of N-[2-(2-chlorobenzyldiethylammonio)ethyl]-N' (S-diethylaminopropyl)oxamide chloride thus obtained had the M1 142.5" C.

Analysis.-Calcd. for C H Cl N O N, -1'2.14; Cl 7.68. Found: N, 12.24; Cl 7.88.

The anticholinesterase activity of N-[2-(2-chlorobenzyldiethylammonio)ethyl] N [3 (diethylamino)propyl]- oxamide chloride as measured by the method of Michel (loc. cit.) was found to be 6.2% that of neostigmine.

EXAMPLE 9 N [2 (2-chlorobenzyldiethylammonio)ethyl] N-(3- trpyl)0xamicle chloride [1, R is 3tropyl, n is O, A is --CH CH B=N is (C H N; Z-CIC PLCH CI salt] was prepared from 25 g. of ethyl N-[Z-(Z-chlorobenzyldiethylammonio) ethyl]oxamate chloride [prepared as described in Example 2, part (12)] and 18.5 g. of 3-tropylamine in 125 ml. of ethanol according to the method described in Example 2, part (c) for the preparation of N[2 (2-chlorobemyldiethylammonio)ethyl] N (2 diethylaminoethyhoxamide chloride. There was thus obtained 14 g. of N-[2-(Z-chlorobenzyldiethylammonio)ethyl]-N- (3-tropyl)oxamide chloride, MP. 160 C.

Armiysz's.-Calcd. for C H C1 N G N, 11.88; Cl 7.54. Found: N, 11.98; Cl 7.68.

The anticholinesterase activity of N- [2-(2-chlorobenzyldiethylammonio) ethyl]-N-(3-tropyl)oxamide chloride as measured by the method of Michel (loc. cit.) was found to be 12% that of neostigmine.

EXAMPLE (a) Ethyl N-[2-(henzyldiethylammoni0)ethyl10xamate chloride [11, R" is (3 1-1 A is -CH CH B=N is (C H N; C l-l CH Cl salt] was prepared from 20 g. of ethyl N-(Z diethylaminoethyl)oxamate [prepared as described in Example 2, part (12)] and g. of benzyl chloride in 100 ml. of acetonitrile according to the method described for the preparation of ethyl N-[2-(2-chlorobenzyldiethylammonio)ethyl]oxarnate chloride. The 27 g. of ethyl N-[2-(benzyidiethylammonio)ethyHoXaanate chloride thus obtained had the MP. 145 C.

Analysis.-Calcd. for C ld ClN O z N, 8.17; Cl 10.34. Found: N, 8.13; Cl 10.14.

(b) N-[2-(benzyldielhylammonio)ethyl]-N'-(2-diethylaminoezhyl) oxamide chloride [1, R is 11 1S 0, A CH2CH2, is CGH5CHZCI salt] was prepared from 15 g. of ethyl N-[2-(benzyldi ethylammonio)ethyl]oxarnate chloride and 10.2 g. of ,B-diethylarninoethylamine in 100 ml. of ethanol according to the method described in Example 2, part (c) for the preparation of N- 2- Z-chlorobenzyldiethylammonia) ethyl] N-(2-diethylarninoethyl)oxamide chloride. There was thus obtained 9 g. of l -[2-(benzyldiethylammonio)eth yl] N (2 diethylaminoethyl)oxamide chloride, M.P. 156.5 C.

Analysz's.-Calcd. for c n cm o N. 13.57; Cl 8.58. Found: N, 13.67;Cl 8.77.

EXAMPLE 1 l (a) Ethyl N-[2-(2-methoxybenzyldiethylammonio)ethyl]oxamate chloride [11, R is C 11 n is 0, A is -CH CH 1S 2-CH3OC6H4CH2C]. salt] was prepared from 30 g. of ethyl N-(Z-diethylaminm ethyl)oxamate [prepared as described in Example 2, part (a)] and 31 g. of 2-methoxybenzyl chloride in 100 ml. of acetonitrile according to the method described in Example 2, part (b) tfOI the preparation of ethyl N-[Z-(Z-ch'lorobenzyldiethylammonio)ethyl]oxamate chloride. There was thus obtained 48 g. of ethyl N-[Z-(Z-methcxybenzyl- 10 diethylammonio)ethyl] oxamate chloride, M.P. 106.5 C.

AllHl ySiS.CalCd. for C l-l ClN O Cl N, 7.51. Found: Ch 9.23; N, 7.42.

(b) N [2 (Z-methoxybenzyldiethylammonio)ethyl]- N-(Z-dlethylaminoethyl)oxczmide chloride [1, R is "CH2CH2N(Q2H5)2, n is 0, A is CHZCH2', iS (C H N; 2-CH OC H CH Cl salt] was prepared from 48 g. of ethyl N- [2-(Z-methoxybenzyldiethylammonio) ethylJoxamate chloride and 30 g. of [3diethylarninoethylamine in 200 ml. of ethonal according to the procedure described in Example 2, part (c) for the preparation of N [2 (Z-chlorobenzyldiethylammonio)ethyl]-N'-(2-diethylaminoethyhoxamide chloride. The product was collected by filtration and recrystallized from isopropanol to give 42 g. of N-[2-(Z-methoxybenzyldiethylammonio) ethyl]-N-(Z-diethylaminoethyl)oxamide chloride, M.P. 151 C.

Analysis.Calcd. for C H ClN O I (21 m, N, 12.65. Found: Cl 8.22; N. 12.76.

EXAMPLE 12 (a) Ethyl N [2-(3,4-dic 1lorohenzyldiethylammonio) ethyl]0xamate chloride [11, R is C l-l n is 0, A is -CH CH B:N is ((1 1 1 N; 3,4--Cl C -H CH Cl salt] was prepared from 30 g. of ethyl N-(Z-die'thylaminoethyl)oxamate [prepared as described in Example 2, part (a)] and 39 g. of 3,4-dichlorohenzyl chloride in ml. of acetonitrile according to the manipulative procedure described in Example 2, part (b). There was thus obtained 54 g. of ethyl N-[2-(3,4-dichlorohenzyldiethylammonio)ethyl]oxamate chloride, MP. 160.5 C.

AllillYSl S-Cfllljd. fC/l' C17H25CLl3N203i 011 m, N, 6.80. Found: Cl 8.47; N, 6.87.

(b) N [2-(3,4-dichlorohenzyldielhylammonio)ethyl] N-(Z-dlethylaminoethyl)oxamide chloride [1, R is H CH N(C H n is 0, A is -CH Cll B=N is (C HQ N; 3,4-Cl C l-l Cl-l Cl salt] was prepared from 35 g. of ethyl N-[2-(3,4-dichlorobenzyldiethylammonio) ethyl]oxamate chloride and 20 g. of fi-diethylaminoethylamine in 175 ml. of ethanol according to the method described in Example 2, part (c). The N-[2-(3,4-dichlorobenzyldiethylammonio)ethyl] N'-(Z-diethylaminoethyl) oxamide chloride thus obtained weighed 21.5 g. and had the MP. 159l61 C.

Armlysis.Calcd. for C H Cl N O Ch 7.36; N, 11.47. Found: Cl 7.49; N, 11.63.

EXAMPLE 13 EXAMELE 14 (a) Ethyl N-(Z-Diethylaminoethyl)Adipamate [B1, R" is (1 1-1 12 is 4, A is CH CH B=N is 2' 5):

A solution of 212 g. of diethyl adipate and 58 g. of fl-diethylaminoethylamine Was heated to C. for four hours then left standing for twelve hours. The alcohol formed in the reaction was removed at reduced pressure and the residue distilled through a six inch Vigreux column to give 88 g. of ethyl N-(2-diethylaminoethyl)- adipamate, B.P. 167170 C./0.5 mm. 12 1.4638.

Analysis.Calcd. for C I-1 N 0 N, 10.28. Found: N, 10.01.

it (b) Ethyl N-[2-(Z-chlorobtnzJ ldiezhylammonio)ethyl]- adipamate chloride [11, R" is (3 1-1 11 is 4, A is B N is (C H N; 2 C1C H CI-l Cl salt] was prepared from 50g. of ethyl N-(Z-diethylaminoethyl)adipamate and 32 g. of Z-chlorobenzyl chloride in 260 ml. of acetonitrile according to the method described in Example 2, part (b). The 56 g. of ethyl N-[2-(2-chlorobenzyldiethylammonio)ethyl]adipamate chloride thus obtained had the MP. 104.4 C.

Analysis.Calcd. for C H Cl N Cl N, 6.46. Found: Gi 8.25; N, 6.59.

(c) N-[Z (2-chl0r0benzyldiethylammonio)ethyl]N'- (2 diethylaminoethyl)adipamide chloride [1, R is CH CH N(C H n is 4, A is CH CH B N is (C H N; 2ClC H CH Cl salt] can be prepared from ethyl N- [2-(2-chlorobenzyldiethylammonio) ethyl] adipamate and B-diethylaminoethylamine according to the procedure described in Example 2, part (0).

EXAMPLE N [2-(2,4-dichlorobenzyldicthylammoitio)thyl]-N' [2(diethylamin0)ethyl] oummide chloride [L R is n is O, A is -'CH CH B N is (C H N; 2,4- Cl C H CI-i Cl salt] can be prepared from ethyl N-[Z- (2,4-dichlorobenzyldiethylamrnouio ethyl] oxamate chloride and Z-diethylaminoethylamine according to the method described in Example 2, part (c). The product thus obtained has the MP. 137 C.

Analysis.-Calcd. for C -H Cl N O Cl 7.36; N, 11.63. Found: Cl 7.72; N, 11.44.

EXAMPLE l6 N-[3 (Z-chlorobenzyldiethyZammonio)propyl]-N'-(3- tropyl)oxamide chloride [i, R is 3-tropyl, n is O, A is CH CH CH B N is (C HQ N; 2-ClC H CH C1 salt] can be prepared from ethyl N-[S-(chlorobenzyldiethylammonio)propyl]oxarnate chloride [prepared as described in Example 4, part (15)] and 3-tropylamine according to the method described in Example 2, part (c) for the preparation of N-[2-(2-chlorobenzyldiethylammonio ethyl] -N- Z-diethylaminoethyl) oxamide chloride. There was thus obtained 16 g. of N-[3-(2-chlorobenzyldiethylammonio)propyl] -N'-( B-tropyl) oxamide chloride, M.-P. soften at 146 C. (indef.) (corr.).

Analysis.Calcd. for C l l Cl N o z Cl 7.3-1. Found: N, 11.21; Cl 7.51.

N-[2-(4-nitrobenzyldiethylarnmouio) ethyl] N [2-( lpyrrolidyl)ethyl]oxamide chloride 1, R is (1-pyrrolidyl)- ethyl, n is O, A is QH CH B N is (-C H N; 4- O NC H CH Br salt] can be prepared from ethyl N-[2- (4 nitrobenzyldiethylammouio)ethyl]oxamate chloride (Example 13) and 2-(1-pyrrolidyl)ethyl amine according to the method described in Example 2, part (c).

N-[2 '(4 methylbenzyltetramethyleneammonio)propyl]-N'-(n-octyl)oxamide chloride [1, R is nC l-i n is 0, A is -CH CH 'CH B=N is (l-pyrrolidyl); 4-CH C H CH C1 salt] can be prepared from ethyl N- [2-(4 methylbenzyltetramethyleneammonio)propyl]0xamate chloride and n-octyl amine according to the method described in Example 2, part (c). The intermediate oxamate chloride can be prepared from ethyl N-[Z-(lpyrrolidyl)propyl]oxamate (prepared from d-iethy l oxalate and 3-(1-pyrrolidyl)propyl amine) as described in Example 2, part (a) and 4-methyl-benzyl chloride according to the procedure described in Example 2, part (b).

N-[2-(4 bromobenzy-ldiethyleneoxyammonio)ethyl]- N-(Z-diethylaminoethyl)oxamicle bromide [1, R is n is O, A is CH CH B N is (4-rnorpholinyl); 4-BIC5H4CH2BI' salt] can be prepared from ethyl N-[2- (4 bromobenzyldiethyleneoxyammonio)ethyl]oxamate bromide and 2-diethylaminoethylamine according to the method described in Example 2, part (c). The intermediate oxamate bromide can be prepared from 2(4- morpholiny-l)ethyl amine and diethyl oxalate, followed by quaternization with 4-bromobenzyl chloride according to the methods deseribed in Example 2, parts (a) and (b), respectively.

N-[2-(3 methoxybenzyldiethylammonio)ethyl] N- (l-methyl4-diethylaminobutyl)suberamide chloride [1, R is CI HCHQCH CH CH NQQHQ n is 6, A is salt] can be prepared from ethyl N-[3-methoxybenzyldiethylammonio)ethyl]suberamate chloride and N,N-diethyl-1,4-pentanediamine according to the method described in Example 2, part (c). The intermediate suber amate chloride can be prepared from ethyl N-(Z-diethylamino)ethyl suberamate and 3-methoxybenzyl chloride according to the method described in Example 2, part (c). Ethyl N-(diethylamino)ethyl suberamate can be prepared from diethyl subera-te and 2-diethylaminoethyl amine according to the method described in Example 14, part (a).

N [2 diethylrnethylammonio)ethyl] N [2 (4- morpholinyl)ethyl]glutaramate iodide [L R is (4-rnorpholinyl)ethy1, n is 3, A is -CH CH B N is (C H N; CH I salt] can be prepared from methyl N-[Z- diethylrnethylamrnonio)ethyl] glutaramate iodide and 2 (4-morpholinyl)ethyl amine according to the method described in Example 2, part (c). The intermediate glu taramate iodide can be prepared from methyl N-(Z-diethylaminoethyl)glutaramate (prepared from di-methyl glutaramate and Z-diethylaminoethyl amine) as described in Example 14, part (a) and methyl iodide according to the method described in Example 2, part (b).

N [4 diethylallylammonio)butyl] N cyclopentyl)oxamide bromide [1, R is cyclopentyl, n is 0, A is CH2CH2CH2CI I2-, 1S

salt] can be prepared from ethyl N-[4-(diethylallylammonio)butyl]oxamate bromide and cyclopentenyl amine according to the method described in Example 2, part (c) Ethyl N [4 (diethylallylammonio)butyl]oxamate bromide can be prepared by quaternization of ethyl N-[4- (diethylamino)butyl]oxamate with allyl bromide. Ethyl N- [4-t(diethylamino) butyl] oxamate can be prepared from diethyl oxalate and 4-diethylaminobutylamine according to the method described in Example 2, part (a).

N [3 -(t butyldiisopropylammonio)propyl] N- (isopropynoxamide chloride [-1, R is (CH CH, n is O, A is CH CH CH B N is [(CH CH] N; (CH CCI salt] can be prepared from ethyl N-[3-(tbutyldiisoprcpylammonio)propyl]oxamate chloride and isopropyl amine according to the method described in Example 2, part (c). The ethyl N-[3-(t-butyldiisopropylamrnonio)propyl]oxamate chloride can be prepared from ethyl N-[3-(diisopropylamino)propyl]oxamate and t-butyl chloride according to the method described in Example 2, part (b). The N[3-diisopropylamino)pro pyl]oxamate can be prepared from diethyl oxalate and 3-diisopropylaminopropyl amine according to the method described in Example 2, part (a).

The non-identity of the compounds of Examples 30 and 7 and also the non-identity of Examples 10 and 6c shows that no migration of the quaternizing group has occurred during the course of preparation and thus, With the mode or" preparation and the analyses, establishes the structure of these compounds.

The compounds of the foregoing examples have an action similar to neostigmine and hence may be used as skeletal muscle stimulants and as an wtidote to curare. They are active at dose levels of about 0.001-1.0 rug/kg. of body Weight Whereas the toxicity ranges from about 3.0 mg./kg. for the more active compounds to about 400 13 mg./kg. of body weight for the less active compounds. The compounds, like neostigmine, can be administered orally as tablets or capsules compounded with the usual excipients, or parenterally as aqueous solutions.

This application is a division of my co-pending application Serial No. 544,601, filed November 2, 1955, now Patent No. 2,857,390.

I claim:

1.- Ethyl N- [2- (2-ohlorobenzyldiethylammonio ethyl] oxamate chloride.

2. Ethyl N-[2-(2 methoxybenzyldiethylammonio)ethyl]oxamate chloride.

3. Ethyl N [2-(4-nitrobenzyldiethylammonio)ethyl]- oxamate chloride.

4. Ethyl N-[2-(2-chlorobenzyldiethylammonio)ethyl} adiparnate chloride.

5. Ethyl N [2 ,(2 chlorobenzylpentamethyleneammonio)ethyl] oxamate chloride.

6. Lower alkyl =N-(tertiary-amino-lower-alkyl)oxamate.

7. Ethyl N-(Z-dimethylaminoethyI)oxarnate.

8. Ethyl N-(2-diethylaminoethyl)oXamate.

9. Ethyl N-(3-diethylaminopropyl)oxamate.

l0. Ethyl N- [2-( l-piperidyl) ethyl] oxamate.

l 1. Ethyl N- 3-( l-piperidy-l) propyl] oxarnate.

12. A quaternary ammonium salt of a N-(tertiaryamino-lower-alkyDamide of carbo-lower alkoxy-loweralkanedioic acid wherein the quaternary ammonium group is completed by a member selected from the group consisting of lower-alkyl, lower-alkenyl, and monocarbocyclic aryllower-alkyl, and, an anion.

13. A quaternary ammonium salt of a compound having the formula wherein B N is di-lower-alkylamino, A is lower alkylene, n is a number from to 6, and R is lower-alkyl, and

14 wherein the quaternary ammonium group is completed by a member selected from the group consisting of loweralkyl, lower-alkenyl, and monocarbocyclic aryl-loweralkyl, and, an anion.

14. A quarter-nary ammonium salt of a compound having the formula References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,182,178 Pinkernelle Dec. 5, 1939 2,306,095 Valjavec Dec. 22, 1942 2,653,898 Castillo et a1 Sept. 29, 1953 2,669,582 Cusic Feb. 16, 1954 65,337 Benneville et a1 Oct. 2, 1956 2,824,106 Zeile et a1 Feb. 18, 1958 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3,l2l 723 February 18 1964 Frederick K. Kirchner It is hereby certified that error appears in the above numbered patent requiring correction and that the said Letters Patent should read as corrected below.

Column 1 line 25 for carried" read varied column 3 line 63, for "be" read by column 5 line l8 for N[2(Chlor0 read N[2(2=Chl0ro line 61,, for "(CH H N" read (C I-I N column 6 line 18 for "1.43"

read 12.43 line 36, for "N-chloro" read N-=-[2(2 Chloro lines 44 and 45 for "bisulfite" read bisulfate lines 51 and 52 for 'R q is" read R is line 73 for "C H Cl N O read C H Cl N 0 column 7,, line 4, for N-[2-(2 chloro" read N-[2-(2-chloro line 22 for "N[2-(2chloro'- read N[2-(2chloro line 52 .for "14.5" read 14.6 column 8 line 6, for "III" read I column 10, line 10, for "ethonal" read ethanol column ll, line 40, for "N[3-(chlorobenzyl" read N'| 3 (2chlor0benzyl line 48 for soften" read softens column 12, line l2 for "3-CH OC I I CI I Cl read 3- CH OC H CH Cl line 20 for "N(diethylamino)" read N(2-diethylamino) line 24 after "N-[2-" insert an opening parenthesis; line 33 for glutaramate" read glutarate lines 36 and 37 for N'-cyclopentyl)oxamide" read -N -(cyclopentyl)oxamide same column 12 line 60 after "N-[3" insert an opening parenthesis; column 13: line 19, for oxamate" read oxamates Signed and sealed this 27th day of October 19640 (SEAL) Attest:

ERNEST We SWIDER EDWARD J. BRENNER Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents 

5. ETHYL N - (2 - (2 - CHLOROBENZYLPENTAMETHYLENEAMMONIO)ETHYL)OXAMATE CHLORIDE.
 12. A QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALT OF A N-(TERTIARYAMINO-LOWER-ALKYL)AMIDE OF CARBO-LOWER ALKOXY-LOWERALKANEODIOC ACID WHEREIN THE QUATERNARY AMMONIUM GROUP IS COMPLETED BY A MEMBER SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF LOWER-ALKYL, LOWER-ALKENYL, AND MONOCARBOCYCLIC ARYL-LOWER-ALKYL, AND, AN ANION. 